非谓语动词

非谓语动词（不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词）
一．不定式
1. 带to 的不定式： i have come to seek your advice.
2. 不带to 的不定式：what you said made me think.
大多数情况下不定式都带to
Eg: he seems to be in good health.
   I hope to be back in a couple of days.
他希望这次会议成功。
我很高兴接到你的来信。
他们要求查检我的护照。
不定式的不同形式：
 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 To do  To be done
完成式 To have done  To have been done
进行式 To be doing  /
完成进行式 To have been doing  /
Eg: 他被派到那里接受训练。

•不定式构成谓语：
will you please call back again in a little while?
Would you like me to interpret for you?
我们必须记住这一点。
这计划一定会成功。
他很可能在西班牙。
•不定式和被动结构构成符合谓语：
This was thought to be impossible. 
His situation was considered to be dangerous.
大家期待你在会上发言。

•不定式做主语：
To compromise appears advisable.
To stop the work now seems impossible.
忽略这一点可能会有严重后果。
•it + be + adj. +不定式 （斜体部分为真正的主语）
   ↓
 形式主语
It is foolish to act like that.
It is hard to say which is better.
掌握所有事实至关重要。
修改计划是明智的。
•it + be + n. +不定式
It is an honor to meet you.
It is our duty to obey the law.
和你们一起工作非常愉快。
为公众做些事是我的愿望。
• it + 动词（宾语） + 不定式
It amazed me to hear that you were leaving.
要真正掌握一门外语需要花很长时间。
出来在这待一会是挺惬意的。
•④ it + be + 介词短语 + 不定式
It’s beyond me to explain these.
It’s not within my power to change his view.
随时准备帮助朋友正是你的本色。

不定式作宾语：
He agreed to pay $4,000 for the car.
we managed to put the fire out.
她志愿到西北地区工作。
他不知道该向左拐还是向右拐。

虚拟语气
•现在虚拟语气---主要用动词原形
God bless you.
It is essential that effective measure (should ) be taken.
关注空气污染至关重要。
•过去虚拟语气---动词be 要用were 的形式
She treated me as though i were a stranger.
如果我是你，我不会那样做。
我要是不那么紧张就好了。
•过去完成形式---与成熟语气中的过去完成时相同
I wish i had not done so.
我要是听了你的劝告就好了。
如果我见到他，我就会告诉他了。

10.2虚拟条件句
真实条件句 和 虚拟条件句

真实条件句
i will not go to the party unless they invited me.
If you are waiting for a bus you’d better join in the queue.
如果他已把信写好，我就去发。

虚拟条件句：表示纯然假想的情况，需使用虚拟语气
If i had enough money, i would buy a computer.
If you had arrived a little earlier, you would have seen her.

表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句
条件从句中的谓语 主句谓语
相当于过去式的形式 Would + 动词原形
   ↓
Would 有时可由might / could 构成

表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况。
If i had a map i would lend it to you. (但我没有）
If i lived near my office, i’d walk to work. （我住的不近）
如果我是你，我会在房子周围种些树。
海伦要是在这里该多好啊！

在were 和 should 的从句中，if 有时可省略，但语序要倒装
Were i Tom i would refuse.
Should she be interested, i’ll phone her.
如果我处于你的地位，我会让他知道我对他的看法。
你要是有什么需要就给我打电话。

If it were not for   若不是。。。
You wouldn’t be anywhere if it weren’t for Ruth.
若不是你帮忙，我们会遇到大麻烦。

 虚拟语气专项训练    
I wish I were a bird.  但愿我是一只小鸟。    
I wish I knew the answer. 我要是知道答案就好了。    
I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。  
I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 真希望我昨天见过她。    
I wish you would stay an hour longer.  我希望你再呆一个小时。   
I wish it could stop raining. 但愿雨能停。   
The students hope that their football team will win the game. 
学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。 （可能实现）  
I wish I could see him now.  我希望现在就能看到他。（不可能实现）   
My advice is that you (should) practice speaking English as often as possible .
我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。   
The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only. 
按照要求作文必须单面誊写。   
It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year. 
我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。   
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable.
教育要改革的建议是合理的。     
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.  这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）  
I felt as though we had known each other for years.  我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认识多年）  
It looks as if it might rain.  天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）  
He looks as if he is young.  看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻） 
He looks as if he were young.  看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）    
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget. 
请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。   
She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 
她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。   
We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.  
我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会. 

虚拟语气专项训练   
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。   
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.  为了能提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力。   
We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。    
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope.  即使他失败了，仍有一线希望。   
I should say the same thing even if he were here.  即使他在这里，我还是要这么说。   
Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 
不管他成功还是失败，我们还是要做好自己的事。   
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 
不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是要去那里。   
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 
一个人不论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。    
It is time that the children went to bed.  到孩子们睡觉的时间了。   
It is high time that we began the meeting.  正是我们开会的时间了。  
If only he knew the answer.  他要是知道答案就好了。（用过去时表示现在）  
If only I could speak several foreign languages！
我要是能讲几种外语就好了！（用would/could表示将来）  
If only you had told me the truth before.  
要是你以前告诉我真相就好了。（用过去完成时表示过去）  
If only I had known her earlier!   要是我早点儿认识她就好了！
= I wish I had known her earlier.  
I would rather you left today.  我宁可你今天走。   
I would prefer he didn't stay here too long. 
我倒希望他不要在这儿呆得太久。   
I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday. 
我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。  
I'd rather play tennis than swim.  我宁愿打网球，也不愿游泳。  
I'd rather not go to the movies.  我宁愿不去看电影。   
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee  你喜欢喝茶，还是咖啡    
I'd rather you went home now.  我希望你现在就回家。 
 虚拟语气专项训练   
I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 
我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。    
Long live the People's Republic of China!  中华人民共和国万岁！  
May you be happy!  祝您快乐！   
God bless you!  上帝保佑你！   
Success attend you!  祝你成功！   
The Lord save us!  愿主救我们！    
You could answer this email for me.  你可以替我回这个电子邮件。   
Could you leave me your telephone number and address 
你能将电话号码和地址留给我吗？  
Would you mind opening the window  劳驾把窗子打开，好吗？   
You might as well put off the discussion till next week. 
你们不妨把讨论推迟到下个星期。    

10.2.3表示过去情况的虚拟条件句
条件从句中的谓语 主句谓语had
相当于过去完成时的形式 Would have + 过去分词
   ↓
也可用could,might 构成谓语
表示一个与事实相反的过去情况
If i had known that you were coming, i would have met you at the airport.
If anything had happened, he would have let us know.
•我要是南希，我不会离开他。
•如果你处于我的位置你会怎么办?

要不是。。。      If it had not been for...
If it had not been for Margaret, i might not have understood.
•要不是你的及时帮助，我们会陷入严重的困境。

If 有时可省略，后半部分需倒装：
Had it not been for their support, we could not have won the election.
•这事要不是我亲眼所见，我都不会相信的。
•如果是马克负责，这事就不会发生了。

10.3虚拟条件句在从句中的运用

(Should) + V.  →   Should 可省略

V.: order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire, suggest, insist, ask, etc.
即表示说话人的愿望，要求，命令，建议等。

例：he asks that he be given an opportunity to explain his case.
I advise that he go at once.

一些特殊用法：

1.If only...    要是。。。就好了
If only we had follow your advice!
If only i were to see him again!

2. It is （high） time...   该是。。。的时候了
It is （high） time you bought a new car.
该是你下决心的时候了。
你该找个工作安定下来了。